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排序方式: 共有430条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):707-716
Abstract Details and some evaluation are given of the use of a dialysis method for sampling pore water from depth in wetland substrata (peats), with particular reference to measurement of concentrations of ion species with stabilities dependent on redox potential. The method is based upon the burial and subsequent retrieval (after equilibration) of cells made from dialysis membrane filled with deionized water. Preliminary results of field investigations of concentrations of dissolved iron and sulphide in the pore water of base‐rich mires, as sampled by this method, are given. Results suggest that the method could have very considerable application and that its potential, and possible problems, deserve further examination. 相似文献
2.
海洋沉积物中重金属含量测定样品前处理方法研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
采用正交设计试验法对测定海洋沉积物中重金属含量的样品前处理方法进行了比较研究。结果表明。在王水、氢氟酸、高氯酸消解体系下,采用微波消解一原子吸收分光光度法测定重金属含量,省时,试剂用量少,结果准确,重现性好。 相似文献
3.
- 1. Wastes from feed and faeces can result in the deposition of contaminants in sediments around aquaculture sites. Five types of feed pellet, a commercial fish oil and 76 sediment samples collected under and up to 100 m away from salmon aquaculture cages in the south‐western Bay of Fundy between 1998 and 2000 were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides.
- 2. Five alkylated naphthalenes (aNAs) were consistently detected in fish oil (116–180 ng g?1, per aNA), in pellets (25–51 ng g?1, dry weight, per aNA), and sediments (<1–45 ng g?1, dry weight, per aNA). Other PAHs were detected at variable levels in feed or in sediments.
- 3. IUPAC congener 153 (a PCB) and p,p′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′‐DDE) were detected more frequently than other chlorinated targets in oil (108 ng g?1 and 176 ng g?1 respectively), feed (<1–14 ng g?1 and 1.7–28.2 ng g?1 respectively) and sediments (<0.08–3 ng g?1 and <0.5–7 ng g?1 respectively).
- 4. Trends were observed during the first year of sediment sampling (1998), with higher organic carbon, PCBs and p,p′‐DDE levels below the cages than 50 m away. The PAHs other than aNA showed an opposite trend with distance. In 1999, levels of p,p′‐DDE and PCBs were somewhat reduced under the cages, but were detected up to 100 m away from the cages.
- 5. Levels of aNA tended to be higher at some sites in 1999 relative to 1998, reflecting variability in feed and/or differential transport or degradation of contaminants relative to the environmental background. When detected, mean levels of PCBs and DDE were 2–10 times lower in 2000 than in 1999, and PAHs were 30–40% lower in 2000 than in 1999.
- 6. Interpretation of the results is done cautiously, since the exact locations of the sites sampled is only known to an intermediate facilitating the work between farmers and scientists. Levels of contaminants are compared with international results, interpreted relative to potential toxicity, uptake from feed, from deposited sediments, and in the framework of an aquaculture decision‐support system published recently.
4.
5.
菹草对微污水中重金属复合污染的净化效果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用小型围隔中的沉水植物菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)研究其对微污水中Cd2+、Cr3+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Mn2+等重金属复合污染的累积和去除效果。结果表明:在有沉水植物菹草生长的情况下,上覆水中重金属去除效果明显高于没有菹草生长时的情况;菹草对不同重金属有着不同的吸收富集能力,对重金属Cd2+、Mn2+、Ni2+具有超积累的富集作用,其中对Mn2+的富集作用最为显著,即菹草是一种喜锰和耐锰的水生植物;菹草不同部位重金属积累量也大不相同,菹草茎叶对Cd2+的单位富集能力很强,新叶中Cr3+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Mn2+等重金属单位含量高于老叶、根部和茎。 相似文献
6.
Turlough F. Guerin 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2001,1(3):133-136
Internet listservers, a freely available resource on the Internet for anyone who can send and receive emails, provide a means
for professionals to communicate and collaborate with each other in the field of soils and sediments. While moderated listservers
are highly effective, in terms of quality and participation (activity) level, do not underestimate the knowledge base held
within many of the soil and sediment-related listservers. Readers are encouraged to subscribe to those lists which match their
own areas of the soil and sediment fields and to become active. Currently, the only listservers dedicated to sediments are
of very low activity, with the lowest numbers of subscribers of all listservers surveyed. As a word of caution, Internet listservers
are not a primary source of knowledge (in any scientific field), the quality of knowledge exchanged is highly variable, and
if not properly managed, can waste time. 相似文献
7.
Soil and sediment reference materials were used to calibrate and evaluate an analytical method for the determination of major
(Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Mn, P, Ti) and trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Mo, Mb, Ni, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Sn, Sr,
Th, U, V, Y, Zn, Zr) by sequential wavelength X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Samples were prepared as pressed pellets and
analysis was done with a total measuring time of thirty minutes per sample. Special attention was given to the selection of
the thirty reference materials used for calibration of the spectrometer. Another set of eleven RM (reference materials) was
analyzed for the evaluation of accuracy. Detection limits for trace elements (1-2 mg kg-1) are adequate both for geochemical and environmental purposes, except for Cd and Sb. Accuracy for trace elements falls within
the expected interval of certified or recommended values in most cases, but for some major elements, like SiO2, some results showed discrepancies, evidencing difficulties associated with the determination of light elements in complex
matrices. But when quality criteria proposed by mapping programs are applied to the results, their requirements are fulfilled.
Both instrumental precision, obtained by twelve sample replicate analyses, and analytical precision, considering also sub-sampling
and pellet preparation, lie between the limits of the Horwitz expression, except at concentrations close to the detection
limits. 相似文献
8.
上海郊区河流沉积物N、P释放的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
HU Xue-Feng GAO Xiao-Jiang CHEN Zhen-Lou XU Shi-Yuan SHEN Ming-Neng WANG Shao-Ping HE Bao-Gen 《土壤圈》2002,12(2):157-164
A laboratory study was conducted to observe the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the sedimentsunder both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The samples used were five creek sediments and a fish-pondsediment (as a comparison) obtained from suburban Shanghai. High loads of nitrogen and phosphoruswere found in the creek sediments. Total nitrogen of the sediments ranged from 1.17 to 5.95 g kg-1; totalphosphorus from 608.63 to 2 033.95 mg kg-1. Making up more than 90% of the total nitrogen, organicnitrogen was the dominant nitrogen fraction in the sediments; where as inorganic phosphorus was the dominant phosphorus fraction, which made up more than 85 percent of the total phosphorus. Cabound phosphorus fraction dominated inorganic phosphorus, which occupied more than 50% of the total. A large amount of ammonium was released from the sediments under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and the anaerobic releases were slightly greater than the aerobic. In addition, ammonium contents in the aerobic waters decreased sharply after reaching the peaks because of strong nitrification, compared with the relatively maintained ammonium peaks in the anaerobic waters. Anaerobic phosphate releases were much greater than the aerobic and the released ortho-phosphate was mainly from Fe-bound phosphorus. Ammonium and ortho-phosphate releases from the sample of the dredged creek were the lowest, showing that creek dredging could effectively remove contaminants from the surface of sediments and weaken the release potentials of nitrogen and phosphorus. Ammonium and ortho-phosphate releases from the fish-pond sediment were greater than those from the creek sediments though its total nitrogen and phosphorus were not the highest, which was probably due to the larger amount of biologically degraded organic matter in the fish-pond sediment. 相似文献
9.
The various lithological outcrops in the drainage basin of the River Irminio are described for their contribution to the riverborne material and therefore to the sedimentary balance of the coastal strip. The main contribution to the present sedimentary balance of the subaqueous delta cannot be attributed to the River Irminio, owing to the extreme difference between fluvial and marine sediments. The river's hydraulic characteristics have not always been constant but have tended to decrease in three stages: the first, with a strong competence, shown by the Quaternary alluvial sediments with pebbles; the second, up to 1985, of medium competence, shown by sandy-gravelly deposits in the coastal strip and by finer sediments in the distal areas; the third, at the present day, with low competence, shown by a prevalently suspended load sediment with practically no fluvial influence and with a sedimentation dominated by the littoral currents; this is because between the 1960s and 1970s, owing to interventions along the river channel, the sediments from the basin were reduced to the point of non-existence and a new sedimentary cycle was set up on the delta with allochthonous sediments, exclusively made up of quartz clasts, whereas in the distal zones the mineralogical and compositional characteristics of the ancient river mouth were maintained. 相似文献
10.
磷在富营养化湖泊沉积物-水界面的循环 总被引:22,自引:4,他引:22
沉积物中部分固定的磷可通过分解或溶解作用而释放磷酸盐到沉积物间隙水中;再生的磷可能释放到上覆水体中,或在沉积物中作为一种自生相而再沉淀,或被沉积物的其它组分所吸附。本文描述了磷在沉积物-水界面的迁移过程,并对影响磷循环的因子及其磷自沉积物释放的机制作一简要概述。 相似文献